Vision screening in older adults who attend hospital following a fall: a scoping review.

Introduction: The assessment of impaired vision is included in falls prevention guidance for older adults but implementation is variable. We conducted a scoping review to better understand current practice and inform future implementation research around vision assessments for older adults attending acute hospitals following a fall.

Methods: JBI methodology was followed. MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, PsychInfo, CINAHL and WebofScience were systematically searched for literature on the assessment of vision in older adults attending acute hospitals following a fall. Sources eligible for inclusion had a mean/median population age of 65 years old or over, included patients presenting to an acute hospital setting following a fall and described vision assessments in these patients. Grey literature, conference abstracts and sources where a full text was not possible to retrieve were excluded. Title, abstract and full-text screening were completed by two independent reviewers. Data extraction and charting of the data were performed by the primary author, using a data extraction tool. Data analysis comprised descriptive statistics of study characteristics and content analysis of vision assessment methods used.      

Results: We included 27 studies from 13 countries, spanning 1978-2023. Studies reported various vision assessment methods. Questions frequently asked in vision assessments included: presence of visual symptoms (n=9), date of last eye test (n=9) and previous ocular history (n=5). The most common visual function assessed was distance visual acuity, which was assessed in 12 studies. Six studies used standardised screening tools. The most common post-screening interventions were advising an eye test with an optometrist (n=8), advising an ophthalmology referral (n=7) and patient education (n=6).

Conclusions: The literature on vision screening in this population was sparse and there was heterogeneity in current practices, highlighting the need for standardised screening protocols. More research is needed to evaluate vision screening services in this population and to explore barriers to implementation.