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Improving Early Delirium Recognition Through Structured 4AT Integration

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R Gurung; P Gurung; Z Iftikhar; K Karunatilake
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Introduction: Delirium affects up to one in four older adults admitted to hospital and is associated with increased mortality, prolonged admission and long-term cognitive decline. Early recognition is recommended by NICE and international guidelines. The 4 ‘A’s Test (4AT) is a validated, rapid bedside screening tool widely used in acute settings. Despite this, timely completion in routine practice remains inconsistent. This quality improvement project aimed to improve compliance with 4AT completion within 24 hours of admission in patients aged ≥65 years. Method: A retrospective audit was
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Characteristics and Outcomes of a Frailty-Led Dementia MDT: Exploring the Evidence for Hospital Admission Avoidance

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A Hinchcliffe1; A Symes2; A Noble 2; A Folwell 2; D Harman 2
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Introduction: The Jean Bishop Integrated Care Centre (JBC) operates a unique, primary care-led Dementia Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) specifically designed for patients living with frailty. Unlike traditional memory services, this model integrates dementia specialists with frailty practitioners to manage complex needs in the community. It is also attended by staff from third party sector (alzhiemers society), local CMHTs, social services and carer support. This audit aimed to characterise the patient cohort, evaluate clinical outputs, and examine preliminary evidence regarding the MDT's role in

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Falls Consultant Geriatrician Clinic Referrals Review: Improving Access to Multi-professional Falls Services.

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Wendy Wilkinson
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Introduction: In 2022, new Consultant Therapist roles were recruited to the Care of the Elderly Team at Wrexham Maelor Hospital, when n=189 people were waiting to see a Consultant Geriatrician for falls. The longest wait was n=658 days. A waiting list review commenced in partnership with Community Falls Prevention, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy and Occupational Therapy, Welsh Ambulance services. People with long waits for Falls Clinic were assessed by a Consultant Therapist at home, which saw a reduction in the overall waiting list and highlighted the risk that people were not being referred to the

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The Architecture of Confidence: Mapping the Relationship Between Cognition, Age, and Falls Efficacy

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Rosy Armelia¹*, Susiana Nugraha², Indri Hapsari Susilowati³; Hari Purnomo¹; Hartomo²
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The aging process leads to a decline in body awareness and perception, which significantly impairs balance, coordination, and daily motor functions, thereby increasing vulnerability to mobility limitations. Globally, 45.6 million falls were recorded among individuals aged ≥65 years in 2021. In Indonesia, 29.0% of older adults report a history of falls, with recurrence rates reaching 45.4%. A key concept underlying this issue is falls efficacy, defined as an individual’s confidence in performing daily activities without falling. Low falls efficacy can trigger a maladaptive cycle in which fear
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Impact of a Digital Proactive Care tool, Fr EDA (Frailty End of life Dementia Assessment) on improving quality of care & outcomes across an ICS population of 1.34 million

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Zaidi. S 1,2 ; Dinnage. S 1,2 ; Aggarwal. D 2 ; Little. S 3 ; Lew. E 1, 4
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Introduction: Adults living with frailty, dementia or nearing end of life, frequently experience identification/diagnosis delays, inequalities, avoidable harms, poorer outcomes and premature mortality. Frailty and End of Life Care (EOLC) evidence based Proactive interventions can improve outcomes, yet delivery across providers is low and inconsistent. Mid & South Essex (MSE) has a population of 1.3 million, 114,000 (9%) are estimated to be living with frailty, dementia or may have EOLC needs (most unrecognized), generating over 62% of 999 calls, 90% of hospital occupied bed days, 71% of

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Improving Inpatient Medication Reviews for Older Adults: A Quality Improvement Project at a District General Hospital

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T Anjum 1; M.Abbasi 2;H Anum 2; P Firouznia2
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Introduction Polypharmacy is highly prevalent among older adults and is associated with adverse drug events, falls, delirium, and hospital readmissions. In busy inpatient settings, medication reviews may be inconsistent in timing, structure, and documentation. This Quality Improvement Project (QIP) aimed to improve the quality and consistency of inpatient medication reviews for older adults admitted to geriatric wards at Good Hope Hospital. Method A prospective audit was conducted across five geriatric wards (Wards 9, 11, 12, 15, and 28). Patients aged ≥75 years prescribed ≥5 regular

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Improving the Pathway for Older Patients with Rib Fractures: A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Initiative

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Sharon Budd1, Jeffrey Ting1, Lesley Harris2, Amanda Rougeolle3, Maria Kolokotroni4,
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Introduction Rib fractures in older adults are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, mainly due to inadequate pain control and subsequent respiratory complications. Baseline audit demonstrated fragmented care, with admission across multiple specialties and wards and delayed access to specialist input and analgesia. Aims To improve pain management, coordination of care and clinical outcomes for older adults with rib fractures through the implementation of a multidisciplinary care pathway. Methods A multidisciplinary pathway was developed involving emergency medicine, radiology

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A Proxy-Based Adaptation of the Nottingham Trauma Frailty Index for Older Saudi Trauma Patients

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A G ALQARNI1; N ALQURASHI1; N HARTHI3; S CHOWDHURY2; B OLLIVERE4; T NOUH5
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Introduction Frailty is increasingly recognised as a stronger predictor of adverse outcomes following major trauma than chronological age alone. The Nottingham Trauma Frailty Index (NTFI) conceptualises frailty as a multidimensional construct incorporating functional dependence, cognitive impairment, and physiological vulnerability. However, several original NTFI variables are not routinely available at emergency department (ED) presentation. We aimed to develop and evaluate a proxy-based adaptation of the NTFI using routinely collected trauma registry data in Saudi Arabia. Methods We analysed
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The Hospital Mortality scorecard: Its impact on learning from deaths

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James Alegbeleye1, Alison Davies2, Wayne Blower2, Sofia Power 2
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Introduction and Literature The importance of balanced scorecard (BSC) has been studied in various management perspectives and likewise its role in the emergency hospitals in the Western World. However, the use of this Balanced scorecard among clinicians especially in the hospital setting with regards to performance monitoring and strategy implementation is still needed. As Mortality rates become an important national metric among hospitals in the UK, we examined the impact Balanced scorecard on learning from deaths. Methodology The Learning from Deaths (LfD) framework in the NHS requires that

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Outcomes for Older Patients Taking Anti-Platelet Therapy Presenting to the Emergency Department with Injury

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L Barrett 1; S Goodarzi2; M Lawson2; C Deane2; Y Nandakumar2; A Collins2; J Abu-Hana1,2; N Curry1,2
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Title: Outcomes for Older Patients Taking Anti-Platelet Therapy Presenting to the Emergency Department with Injury: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study Abstract Introduction Older patients taking anti-platelet agents (APA) frequently present to the emergency department with injury. In the UK, almost half of patients admitted following injury are aged ≥65 years, and anti-platelet therapy is used in approximately 40% of older adults. The clinical impact of APA use on bleeding outcomes remains uncertain, with conflicting evidence and limited prospective data. Methods We conducted a
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Comprehensive Nutritional Intervention for Delirium Prevention and Management in Geriatric Care

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ALAnoud Ali ALFehaidi
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Introduction: Delirium represents a significant healthcare challenge affecting up to 60% of older adults in inpatient settings, associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and accelerated cognitive decline. Despite established multifactorial etiology, nutritional contributors to delirium—including dehydration, malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies—remain insufficiently addressed in standard care protocols. Evidence suggests that nutritional optimization may represent a potent, yet underutilized non-pharmacological approach to delirium management. Aim: This quality
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Frailty Assessment & Needs in Older Adults with Myeloma

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Joanna Preston1, Fenella Willis2, Yasmin Reyal2, Theodora Vatopoulou2, Angelica Edge2, Jay Parekh2, Reena Kaur1, Haleema S Adil1.
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Background & Aim We present findings from a joint Geriatrician and Haematologist Myeloma clinic pilot, specifically a) frailty needs of the cohort and b) performance of frailty screening tools including International Myeloma Working Group Frailty Index (IMWG-FI, Performance Status (PS), Geriatric 8 (G8), Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) and Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), against expert opinion of frailty. Methods During pre-clinic MDM, patients were flagged for Geriatrician review following concern from either Geriatrician or Haematologist. This review was used to benchmark the presence of frailty by

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Improving delirium management through earily dection and proper documentation for continous care.

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A Abusbaeh1; M Tantoush1; N Ahmed2.
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Delirium is an acute confusion that affects patients' mental function and behaviour, also affecting attention and awareness. In hospitalized patients, it reaches about 20% and can reach up to 60% in patients on palliative care. Geriatric patients tend to have higher risk to develop delirium, which is also linked to increased hospital stay, falls, pressure ulcers, and death rates. Common risk factors for delirium include pain, infection, decreased nutrition or dehydration, constipation, hypoxia, certain medications, and change in environment. Despite its clinical importance and impact on
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Improving frequency of 4AT scoring through micro teaching

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A Fernandes1; V Ketheeswaranathan1 ;T Serafimova1; G Meredith1
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Introduction Delirium is a neuropsychiatric condition affecting over 1 in 4 hospitalised older adults. Regular assessment of delirium throughout admission leads to earlier diagnosis and management and may potentially improve outcomes. The 4AT is a NICE recommended tool to detect delirium. Methods Retrospective case review was undertaken for a cross-section of older adults (n= 90) admitted to an inpatient geriatric ward in a tertiary London hospital. We recorded whether 4AT was completed at 3 key time points; during clerking, post-take ward round and at any point during inpatient stay. A plan

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Determining the educational needs of healthcare professionals in communicating the Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment

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D White1; C Beddow2;S Budd 3;K Lipas4; A Nair5; E Randall6; J Ting7; B O’Connell8; L Lees-Deutsch9.
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Introduction: The Care of the Elderly/Frailty team at UHCW sought to improve practice in the application of the Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment plan (ReSPECT A rapid review of the evidence was undertaken, focusing on a broad review question: what are the educational needs of healthcare professionals regarding the optimal communication and understanding of ReSPECT needs with patients and other healthcare colleagues? Methods: A multi-professional Critically Appraised Topic group (CAT) with 6 clinicians from the frailty team at UHCW was established engaging appropriate

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Development and early impact of a Dementia and Delirium Outreach Team in an acute hospital setting

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C Rowley
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Introduction Hospital admission can precipitate delirium and worsen outcomes for people living with dementia (PLwD), increasing length of stay (LoS), carer distress, and discharge to long‑term care. National Audit of Dementia data identified higher LoS and rates of discharge to 24‑hour care at SWFT compared with national averages. In response, a Dementia and Delirium Outreach Team (DDOT) was established in October 2024. This evaluation describes the development and early impact of this multidisciplinary intervention. Method DDOT comprises a Consultant Psychologist, Geriatricians, a Dementia
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Evaluation of Heidi AI Scribing Technology in Improving Efficiency and Documentation Quality in Frailty Services

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C Buckley1; J Hanlon1; R Macdonald1; B Hyde1; A Ward2; A Noble3; D Harman3; A Folwell3; M Choudhury3
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Introduction: Traditional clinical documentation methods were time-consuming and prone to inconsistency within the Frailty Team at City Health Care Partnership (CHCP), affecting productivity across workstreams including Urgent Community Response (UCR) and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA). Heidi, an AI scribe developed by Heidi Health UK, generates clinical notes and structured care plans by interpreting patient-clinician discussions, reducing administrative burden and improving note quality. Methods: York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC) conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of Heidi

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Improving multidisciplinary team working: Phase 2 of a quality improvement project in a tertiary care university hospital

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Dr L Reilly1, Dr P Nicolson2, M Toner3, S Fream4, Dr P Sharma5, Dr B Cowdry6
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Introduction The Multi-disciplinary team meeting (MDM) underpins geriatric medicine. The previously-described first phase of this project addressed variations in MDM frequency and practice across Healthcare of Older People (HCOP) wards. This second phase built on those changes with the aim of improving three key areas; process, values and skills. efficiency / effectiveness of meetings (process) team-working (values) empowering of individuals (skills) quality of the documentation (skills) Methods A previous survey of MDT members on 2 HCOP wards identified areas of focus and suggestions for

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Association Between Frailty and Incident Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Afra Wasama Islam1, Harsahaj Singh Wilkhoo1
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Background Frailty and urinary incontinence (UI) are common in older adults, contributing to functional decline, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare use. The role of frailty in predicting new-onset UI remains unclear, as prior reviews focused on prevalence and cross-sectional data. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to quantify the association between frailty and incident UI. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from January 2015 to December 2025 for studies examining frailty and incident UI in adults
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Improving Delirium Screening in Older Adults Presenting to the Emergency Assessment Unit (EAU), Horton Hospital

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Robert Smith1, Sarah McKelvie 1
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Introduction Delirium is a common, serious, and often under-recognised condition in older hospitalised adults. Early identification and management of reversible causes can reduce associated morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and long-term cognitive decline. The 4AT is a validated delirium screening tool recommended for acute hospital settings; however, completion rates in the Emergency Assessment Unit (EAU) were perceived to be low. This project aimed to improve delirium screening and detection in patients aged 65 years and over presenting to the EAU at Horton Hospital. Method All patients

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