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Association Between Clinical Frailty Scale and Falls Risk in Hospitalized Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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R Khan2 ,M B Khan1-2, R McGovern1, P E Cotter1, D Avanzi2, P Anauth2
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Background: Inpatient falls among older adults remain a major patient safety concern, contributing to morbidity, prolonged length of stay, and increased healthcare costs. Frailty is increasingly recognised as a key determinant of adverse inpatient outcomes. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a rapid, widely used frailty assessment tool; however, its relationship with inpatient falls risk has not been systematically evaluated. Objective: To systematically review and synthesise the evidence on the association between Clinical Frailty Scale scores and falls risk in hospitalized older adults
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"The ground was just gone": a qualitative study of experiences of Charles Bonnet Syndrome and its impact on falls

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Katharine Fisher1, Caroline Sanders2, Emma Stanmore3
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"The ground was just gone": a qualitative study of experiences of Charles Bonnet Syndrome and its impact on falls Background Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) refers to visual hallucinations that can occur following any degree of vision loss. Vision impairment is an established risk factor for falls but the contribution of CBS to fall risk and susceptibility to falls-related variables such as concern about falling, is unclear. The present study explored experiences of CBS from different perspectives to understand its impact on falls. Methods Seventeen older adults living with CBS (mean age=76
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Innovating Falls Prevention Through Professional Volunteering: A Pathway to Active and Healthy Ageing

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IMA STRKLJEVIC¹; JULIANA S OLIVEIRA¹; WING S KWOK¹; ABBY HAYNES¹; ANNE TIEDEMANN¹; CATHERINE SHERRINGTON¹
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Introduction: Falls are a leading cause of injury, loss of independence, and reduced quality of life among older adults. While health professionals play a central role in falls prevention through clinical practice, their contribution through professional volunteering remains underexplored. Volunteering offers dual benefits: it enhances community access to falls‑prevention initiatives and supports volunteers’ own physical, social, and cognitive wellbeing—key determinants of healthy ageing. This study synthesises evidence on health professionals’ volunteering and examines its potential as an
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Implementability of a co-designed intervention “MOVE Together: Reduce Falls” at Prototype Testing Phase.

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H Sharma 1,2; M Klaic 1; E Ramage 2; MOVE Together Research Collaboration & C M Said 1, 2, 3.
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Introduction: Perspectives of older people must be considered when designing falls prevention interventions. Co-design methodology encourages active engagement with end-knowledge users. MOVE Together: Reduce Falls is a co-designed intervention to promote participation in falls prevention exercise among older people from Italian, Chinese and Arabic speaking communities. Implementability needs to be considered while designing interventions. Our study explored implementability of the MOVE Together: Reduce Falls intervention at prototype testing phase. Methods: This mixed methods study explored
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Does Reviewing Lying and Standing Blood Pressure in Patients Referred to the Acute Frailty Team Impact Hospital Admissions?

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N. MUKAMBILWA¹ R. OATES²
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Introduction Falls in older adults are multifactorial, with orthostatic hypotension recognised as a key modifiable risk factor. Lying and standing blood pressure (LSBP) measurement is used to identify this. This study aimed to assess whether LSBP assessment in patients reviewed by the acute frailty team prompted medication optimisation and reduced fall-related hospital readmissions over 12 months. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at a district general hospital involving patients reviewed by the acute frailty team between 2023-2024. A total of 2,631 patients with Clinical Frailty
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Improving balance assessment: effects of motivation and fear on feet’s base of support

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Liyi Chen 1, L.H. Sloot 1
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Introduction: Balance can be described as how the body is controlled relative to the base of support (BOS) formed by the feet . Recently, a 2D model of the functional BOS (fBOS), above which we can manipulate functional forces (>40% body weight), considerably improved the BOS estimate (Millard+Sloot2025). However, young people showed a large variation in fBOS area (9-36% of the foot), representing differences in either balance ability or task execution. This study examined whether task execution (fear and motivation) influence the measured fBOS area and fBOS repeatability. Methods: Ten young
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Motivational Interviewing and Exercise for Falls Prevention in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

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Olayinka Akinrolie 1,2 , Oseremen R. Oriarewo 3 , Francis O. Kolawole 2,3 , Henrietha C. Adandom 2,4 , Eseose Animhiaga 3 , Osaosemwen Uyi 3 , Sarah I. Ashama3 , Ekundayo Fatai 2,5 , Tolulope Adeniji 2,6,7, Henrietta O. Fawole2,3,8
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Introduction: Exercise-based programmes reduce falls in older adults, yet adherence is often suboptimal. There is evidence to support the use of motivational interviewing (MI) for strengthening motivation for behaviour change; but its additive benefit with exercise for falls prevention remains unclear. This systematic review examined whether exercise and MI improve falls-related outcomes among older adults. Method: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched from inception to September 2025. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were eligible if MI was

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Optimizing Medication Use and Reducing Falls in Older Adults Using the ADFICE_IT Clinical Decision Support System

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W Belimbegovski1,2; S Medlock2-4; AJ Linn2,5; JCM van Weert2,5; NM van Schoor2,6; N van der Velde1,2
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Introduction Falls are the leading cause of injury-related mortality and hospitalization in older adults and are frequently related to medication use. In the AD FICE_IT study, we examine the effectiveness of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for optimizing medication use and reducing fall risk increasing drugs (FRIDs). We describe the study design and present preliminary findings on physicians’ satisfaction with the CDSS. Methods To evaluate the effect of the CDSS on time to first injurious fall, a multicenter, cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in nine Dutch hospitals
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Contextual factors influencing fall prevention exercise delivery in Canadian community group programs: A comparative case study

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C Miller1; D Bouchard2; I Graham3; K Sibley1,4
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Introduction: Fall prevention exercise programs are available to community-dwelling Canadians aged 50+ through diverse organizational models that vary in how they meet criteria to effectively prevent falls. Context, the unique combination of characteristics and circumstances in which a program is embedded, is essential for understanding program delivery and guiding adaptation. Our objective is to describe and compare the implementation contexts of four Canadian community fall prevention group exercise programs. Methods: Data gathered from each program included organizational documents, key
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A retrospective cohort study assessing the safety of post-hip fracture IV zoledronate given in renal impairment

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L Neuberger1; M MacMillan1; T Madanhire2; J Onomon1; F Hosseini1; CL Gregson1,2
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Introduction Most hip fractures follow a fall. NOGG guidance recommends IV zoledronate first-line post hip fracture. Following a 2023 British Isles consensus statement, zoledronate is increasingly given to patients with renal impairment. This service evaluation assessed the safety of post-hip fracture IV zoledronate given in renal impairment. Method In a retrospective cohort study of sequential hip fracture admissions over 6-months, data were extracted from electronic medical records using a standardised template, regarding acute phase reaction (APR) and acute kidney injury (AKI). APR was

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Hospital-Associated Thrombosis (HAT) Risk Assessment in Older Medical Inpatients

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E Taha1; K Royle1; R Cruise1
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Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major preventable cause of hospital-associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in older medical inpatients. Frailty, immobility, multimorbidity, acute illness, and prolonged admission increase VTE risk, while bleeding risk, renal impairment, falls, and polypharmacy complicate thromboprophylaxis decisions. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance recommends clinicians assess all patients for VTE and bleeding risk at admission and reassess if the clinical situation changes. This audit evaluated compliance with VTE prevention

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Anticholinergic burden in older adults with falls: beyond functional assessment

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A Yusoff
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Background Falls are a common presentation within frailty services and frequently coexist with multimorbidity, polypharmacy and cognitive impairment. The Elderly Care Assessment Service (ECAS) at St David’s Hospital, Cardiff, assesses patients with frailty syndromes using comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Physiotherapy-led functional measures inform falls risk and rehabilitation planning; however, medication-related vulnerability, particularly anticholinergic burden, may contribute to falls risk through mechanisms not fully captured by functional

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Digital and Service-Based Interventions for Dementia-Related Care in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

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Raneem Saleh1, Arwa Alrumaih1, Alhanouf Almathami1, Bodour Algarni1, Hala Khalil2, Reema Alghofaili1
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Introduction Primary care has a central role in dementia risk reduction, early recognition, cognitive assessment, referral, and longitudinal care. However, dementia-related work in primary care is constrained by limited consultation time, variable clinician confidence, fragmented pathways, and unequal access to specialist input. Digital tools, clinician education, and service-redesign interventions have been proposed to strengthen dementia care in this setting. We aimed to systematically review completed intervention studies evaluating digital, educational, screening, blended, or service-based
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Strengthening Preventative Care: Improving falls prevention advice for older people at the front door

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Peter Akinbobola1, Abi Byrchmore2, Minuri Paranagama3
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Introduction 210,000 emergency admissions were related to falls in people aged 65 and over in England 2022/2023 1. Many falls in older people are preventable. New NICE guidance NG249, highlighted the need for patient education, recommending that clinicians ‘discuss ways that people can reduce their risk of falls as well as improving their overall wellbeing, and provide information that they can take away’ 2 The Older Persons Assessment and Liaison service (OPAL) at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, provides an acute assessment service to frail older adults presenting in the emergency

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Barriers and Facilitators for engagement in long term home exercises

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M Jones
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Introduction: The benefits of physical activity to maintain independence into older age are well understood, but the challenge for health professionals is ensuring interventions are sustainable. The East Sussex Community Falls Team uses a multifactorial assessment with emphasis on strength and balance exercises to improve quality of life and reduce risk of falls. A considerable number of clients who had received strength and balance exercises were re-referred with falls and declining mobility within 2 years. Engagement with previously provided exercises had ceased. The aim of this quality
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Examining outcomes of bone health assessments in an acute frailty setting

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C Bateman-Champain1; R Grant1; M Imran1; J Hetherington1
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Introduction Previous quality improvement work in our acute frailty service has focused on improving rates of bone health assessments. Here we examine the outcomes of these assessments. Method Data on bone health assessments were collected retrospectively using electronic health records for patients admitted to Frailty Same Day Emergency Care unit (FSDEC; n=118) and Acute Senior Health Unit (ASHU; n=107) over 2 months. Data collected included whether patients had presented with a fall, had a bone health assessment completed, and the outcome of any assessment. Results 50% of patients seen in

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Improving the Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment (ReSPECT) process: Insights from qualitative interviews

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Ruth Wiecek, Aamer Ali
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Introduction. The Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment (ReSPECT) is an advance care planning tool used to ensure that patients receive care in line with their preferences and medical needs (Resuscitation Council UK, 2025). Over 2024/2025 DNACPR (Do-Not-Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) forms were replaced with ReSPECT at Nottingham University Hospitals (NUH). ReSPECT is now the sole documentation method for resuscitation decisions at NUH in adults. This is a significant change, so this qualitative study aimed to identify what worked well and what could be improved
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The Quality of ResPECT Forms and the Confidence of Resident Doctors

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Noor Shakiry, Panagiotis Kyprianou, Mark Vettasseri
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Introduction: ReSPECT (Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment) forms should contain personalised recommendations for a person’s future clinical care. Our project assessed the quality of ReSPECT forms and attempted to understand the training resident doctors received and their confidence completing forms. Method: A scoring system out of 9 was created to assess the quality of ResPECT forms. The system assessed factors including legibility, patient and family involvement and mental capacity assessments. It also covered the clarity of documentation around resuscitation
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Stepping biomechanics of the transition into stair descent in naturalistic homes using instrumented insoles

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J Wootton1; C Maganaris1; TM Bampouras1; RJ Foster1; T O’Brien1
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Introduction: Stair falls frequently occur during the transition from level walking to stair descent. Laboratory research indicates that the demands of transition steps are different to continuous descent, yet these findings have not been confirmed in home environments where most falls occur. Using instrumented insoles in naturalistic experimental homes, this early-translational study quantified biomechanical differences between transitional and continuous descent and explored the influence of lighting conditions. Method: Five participants descended a 14-step staircase in an experimental home
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An Implementation Plan for a Falls Prevention Guideline in Residential Aged Care Facilities

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G Belaen1,2; J Poels1,2,3; S Vandervelde1,2; G Leysens4; T van Achterberg1; F Dobbels1; K Milisen1,2,5; E Vlaeyen1,2,6
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Introduction Falls are common high-impact problems in residential aged care facilities (RACFs), posing risks of injury, functional decline, and reduced quality of life. Although many countries have issued falls prevention guidelines for RACFs, their implementation in routine care remains challenging. We address this gap by presenting the development of a multifaceted plan aimed at supporting systematic implementation of a falls prevention guideline in RACFs. Methods The implementation plan was developed within the context of a large-scale falls prevention implementation project in Flanders
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